Yadda wuraren sarrafawa da bayanan PPK ke shafar daidaitattun ƙirar ƙirar 3D

A cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu, mun gabatar da masu canji daban-daban guda huɗu don tabbatar da daidaiton dangi na ƙirar 3D. Mabambantan mabambantan guda huɗu su ne:

1: Jigilar drone iri: a VTOL drone ko wani Multi-na'ura mai juyi drone

2: GSD daban-daban

3: Tare da / Ba tare da wuraren kula da ƙasa ba

4: Tare da / Ba tare da bayanan PPK ba

Gwaji 1: tasirin wuraren kula da ƙasa (GCPs) akan daidaiton dangi na ƙirar 3D;

Sharadi 1

Jirgin jirgi mara matuki	Kyamara mara nauyi	GSD	PPK
Saukewa: CW10VTOL	DG4 riba	2cm ku	Ee

Sakamakon Tebur 1:

Yawan Abubuwan	tsawon ma'auni (L0)	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L1) ba tare da GCP ba	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L2) tare da GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.71	8.68	0.00	0.03
	10.961	10.87	10.90	0.09	0.06
2	7.010	6.89	6.98	0.12	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.40	0.02	0.01
5	10.718	10.67	10.70	0.05	0.02
6	13.787	13.75	13.77	0.04	0.02
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.02	0.02
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.81	0.01	-0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.36	0.02	0.01
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.16	0.13	0.12
11	14.675	14.61	14.66	0.07	0.02
	8.600	8.60	8.54	0.00	0.06
12	13.394	13.37	13.35	0.02	0.04
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.35	0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.40	6.41	0.03	0.02
16	3.742	3.75	3.72	-0.01	0.02
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.93	3.89	0.01	0.05
19	8.120	8.10	8.12	0.02	0.00
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.01	0.01
20	6.077	6.04	6.03	0.04	0.05
21	13.696	13.65	13.66	0.05	0.04
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m, Ds2=0.0308m

Sharadi 2

Jirgin jirgi mara matuki	Kyamara mara nauyi	GSD	PPK
Saukewa: CW10VTOL	DG4 riba	2cm ku	A'a

Sakamako Table 2:

Yawan Abubuwan	tsawon ma'auni (L0)	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L1) ba tare da GCP ba	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L2) tare da GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.18	0.030	0.030
	8.706	8.69	8.68	0.016	0.026
	10.961	10.89	10.91	0.071	0.051
2	7.010	6.88	6.92	0.130	0.090
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.032
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.020
5	10.718	10.65	10.66	0.068	0.058
6	13.787	13.72	13.77	0.067	0.017
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.47	0.086	0.056
	13.797	13.83	13.83	-0.033	-0.033
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.024	0.034
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.079
	4.281	4.14	4.18	0.141	0.101
11	14.675	14.55	14.59	0.125	0.085
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.35	0.034	0.044
13	12.940	12.95	12.92	-0.010	0.020
14	7.190	7.21	7.21	-0.020	-0.020
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.011
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.72	0.002	0.022
17	6.022	6.03	6.00	-0.008	0.022
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.09	0.030	0.030
	14.411	14.40	14.41	0.011	0.001
20	6.077	6.06	6.03	0.017	0.047
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0397m, Ds2=0.0328m

Sharadi 3

Jirgin jirgi mara matuki	Kyamara mara nauyi	GSD	PPK
Saukewa: CW10VTOL	DG4 riba	1.5cm	Ee

Sakamako Table 3:

Yawan Abubuwan	tsawon ma'auni (L0)	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L1) ba tare da GCP ba	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L2) tare da GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.69	8.7	0.02	0.01
	10.961	10.88	10.89	0.08	0.07
2	7.010	6.87	6.99	0.14	0.02
3	1.822	1.75	1.78	0.07	0.04
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.69	0.03	0.03
6	13.787	13.78	13.76	0.01	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.39	0.02	0.01
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.03	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
	13.797	13.78	13.8	0.02	0.00
9	10.374	10.34	10.35	0.03	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
	4.281	4.21	4.28	0.07	0.00
11	14.675	14.65	14.68	0.03	0.00
	8.600	8.57	8.53	0.03	0.07
12	13.394	13.40	13.37	-0.01	0.02
13	12.940	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.190	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.46	6.4	-0.03	0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.71	-0.01	0.03
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.91	3.89	0.03	0.05
19	8.120	8.08	8.1	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.39	0.03	0.02
20	6.077	6.05	6.03	0.03	0.05
21	13.696	13.67	13.64	0.03	0.06
RMSE: Ds1=0.0328m, Ds2=0.0249m

Sharadi 4

Jirgin jirgi mara matuki	Kyamara mara nauyi	GSD	PPK
Saukewa: CW10VTOL	DG4 riba	1.5cm	A'a

Sakamako Table 4:

Yawan Abubuwan	tsawon ma'auni (L0)	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L1) ba tare da GCP ba	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L2) tare da GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.010	0
	8.706	8.65	8.68	0.056	0.026
	10.961	10.90	10.87	0.061	0.091
2	7.010	6.86	6.88	0.150	0.13
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.37	10.38	0.040	0.03
5	10.718	10.68	10.72	0.038	-0.002
6	13.787	13.71	13.79	0.077	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.49	7.53	0.036	-0.004
	13.797	13.77	13.78	0.027	0.017
9	10.374	10.35	10.37	0.024	0.004
10	2.109	2.09	2.11	0.019	-0.001
	4.281	4.19	4.28	0.091	0.001
11	14.675	14.64	14.67	0.035	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.38	13.39	0.014	0.004
13	12.940	12.91	12.9	0.030	0.04
14	7.190	7.20	7.19	-0.010	0
15	13.371	13.38	13.37	-0.009	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.70	3.7	0.042	0.042
17	6.022	5.99	5.98	0.032	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.12	8.07	0.000	0.05
	14.411	14.37	14.38	0.041	0.031
20	6.077	6.04	6.04	0.037	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0356m, Ds2=0.0259m

Sharadi 5

Jirgin jirgi mara matuki	Kyamara mara nauyi	GSD	PPK
DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor	DG4 riba	1.5cm	A'a

Sakamako Table 5:

Yawan Abubuwan	tsawon ma'auni (L0)	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L1) ba tare da GCP ba	Tsawon ƙirar 3D (L2) tare da GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.19	7.21	0.02	0.00
	8.706	8.70	8.70	0.01	0.01
	10.961	10.91	10.91	0.05	0.05
2	7.010	6.98	6.98	0.03	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.39	0.02	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.70	0.03	0.02
6	13.787	13.76	13.75	0.03	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.02	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.03	0.02
8	7.526	7.50	7.49	0.03	0.04
	13.797	13.77	13.79	0.03	0.01
9	10.374	10.33	10.35	0.04	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.07	0.09	0.04
	4.281	4.20	4.21	0.08	0.07
11	14.675	14.65	14.66	0.03	0.02
	8.600	8.57	8.57	0.03	0.03
12	13.394	13.35	13.35	0.04	0.04
13	12.940	12.92	12.93	0.02	0.01
14	7.190	7.17	7.18	0.02	0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.36	0.02	0.01
	6.435	6.41	6.42	0.02	0.01
16	3.742	3.70	3.71	0.04	0.03
17	6.022	5.99	6.00	0.03	0.02
18	3.937	3.89	3.91	0.05	0.03
19	8.120	8.08	8.10	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.36	14.35	0.05	0.06
20	6.077	6.06	6.06	0.02	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m, Ds2=0.0256m

Ƙarshe

Matsalolin gwaji na 1 sune:

1: Tare da / Ba tare da bayanan PPK ba.

2: Jigilar drone iri: a VTOL drone ko wani Multi-na'ura mai juyi drone

3: GSD daban-daban: 1.5 cm ko 2cm

Bayan nazarin bayanan gwaji guda biyar, za mu iya zana sakamako masu zuwa:

Lokacin da kyamarar ta zama DG4Pros:

(1) Tare da / Ba tare da wurin kula da ƙasa ba (GCP) wanda ke da hannu a cikin triangulation na AT, ko VTOL ne ko drone mai juyi mai yawa, ko GSD 2cm ko 1.5cm, ƙirar 3D da aka gina ta kyamarar DG4Pros na iya saduwa da Bukatun kuskuren daidaiton dangi Ds≤10cm.

(2) Lokacin tare da/ba tare da GCPs shine madaidaicin guda ɗaya ba, daidaiton dangi na ƙirar 3D tare da GCPs ya fi wancan ba tare da GCP ba.

(3) Lokacin da GSD shine madaidaicin guda ɗaya, daidaiton dangi na ƙirar 3D wanda GSD 1.5cm ya fi wancan GSD 2cm.

(4) Lokacin da jirgin mai ɗaukar kaya ya zama maɗaukaki ɗaya, daidaiton dangi na ƙirar 3D wanda amfani da rotor multi-rotor ya fi na amfani da VTOL azaman mai ɗaukar hoto.

Gwaji 2: Ba tare da GCPs ba, tasirin bayanan PPK akan daidaiton dangi na ƙirar 3D

Sharadi 1

Jirgin jirgi mara matuki	Kyamara mara nauyi	GSD	GCPs
Saukewa: CW10VTOL	DG4 riba	2cm ku	A'A

Sakamakon Tebur 1:

Yawan Abubuwan	tsawon ma'auni (L0)	Tsawon samfurin 3D (L1) ba tare da PPK ba	Tsawon samfurin 3D (L2) tare da PPK	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.01
	8.706	8.69	8.71	0.016	0.00
	10.961	10.89	10.87	0.071	0.09
2	7.010	6.88	6.89	0.130	0.12
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.02
5	10.718	10.65	10.67	0.068	0.05
6	13.787	13.72	13.75	0.067	0.04
7	11.404	11.41	11.39	-0.006	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.44	7.51	0.086	0.02
	13.797	13.83	13.79	-0.033	0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.02
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.08
	4.281	4.14	4.15	0.141	0.13
11	14.675	14.55	14.61	0.125	0.07
	8.600	8.58	8.60	0.020	0.00
12	13.394	13.36	13.37	0.034	0.02
13	12.940	12.95	12.88	-0.010	0.06
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.01
	6.435	6.37	6.40	0.065	0.03
16	3.742	3.74	3.75	0.002	-0.01
17	6.022	6.03	5.97	-0.008	0.05
18	3.937	3.91	3.93	0.027	0.01
19	8.120	8.09	8.10	0.030	0.02
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.011	0.01
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.04
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.05
RMSE Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0342m

Na baya:Yadda chromatic aberration da murdiya ke shafar ima

Na gaba:Yadda tsayin mai da hankali ke shafar sakamakon ƙirar 3D

Komawa

RIY kyamarori masu mahimmanci

RIE kyamarorin ruwan tabarau guda ɗaya

Na'urorin haɗi

Kwararren

Ya fi sauƙi

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Bayyanar aiki tare

Mai ƙarfi da aminci

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Bincike / GIS

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Soja/Yan Sanda

Labari

Gwaji 1: tasirin wuraren kula da ƙasa (GCPs) akan daidaiton dangi na ƙirar 3D;

Sharadi 1

Sakamakon Tebur 1:

Sharadi 2

Sakamako Table 2:

Sharadi 3

Sakamako Table 3:

Sharadi 4

Sakamako Table 4:

Sharadi 5

Sakamako Table 5:

Ƙarshe

Gwaji 2: Ba tare da GCPs ba, tasirin bayanan PPK akan daidaiton dangi na ƙirar 3D

Sharadi 1

Sakamakon Tebur 1:

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