1. chromatic aberration
1.1 Menene chromatic aberration
Aberration na chromatic yana haifar da bambanci a cikin jigilar kayan aiki. Hasken halitta ya ƙunshi yankin haske da ake iya gani mai tsayin daka na 390 zuwa 770 nm, sauran kuma su ne nau'in da idon ɗan adam ba zai iya gani ba. Saboda kayan suna da fihirisar gyare-gyare daban-daban don mabambantan raƙuman raƙuman haske na launuka masu launi, kowane hasken launi yana da matsayi daban-daban na hoto da haɓakawa, wanda ke haifar da chromatism na matsayi.
1.2 Ta yaya chromatic aberration ke shafar ingancin hoto
(1) Saboda mabanbantan raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da maƙasudin gyare-gyare na launuka daban-daban na haske, maƙasudin abu ba zai iya zama da kyau a mayar da hankali ga DAYA cikakkiyar ma'anar hoto ba, don haka hoton zai yi duhu.
(2) Har ila yau, saboda girman girman launuka daban-daban, za a sami "layin bakan gizo" a gefen wuraren hotuna.
1.3 Ta yaya chromatic aberration ke shafar ƙirar 3D
Lokacin da maki-hoton suna da "layin bakan gizo", zai shafi software ɗin ƙirar ƙirar 3D don dacewa da ma'ana ɗaya. Don abu ɗaya, daidaitawar launuka uku na iya haifar da kuskure saboda "layin bakan gizo". Lokacin da wannan kuskuren ya taru sosai, zai haifar da "stratification".
1.4 Yadda za a kawar da lalatawar chromatic
Yin amfani da ma'anar refractive daban-daban da tarwatsawa daban-daban na haɗin gilashi na iya kawar da ɓarna na chromatic. Misali, yi amfani da ƙananan maƙasudin refractive da ƙaramin gilashin tarwatsawa azaman ruwan tabarau mai ɗaukar hoto, da babban fihirisa mai jujjuyawa da babban gilashin watsawa azaman ruwan tabarau.
Irin wannan ruwan tabarau da aka haɗe yana da ɗan gajeren tsayin daka a tsakiyar tsayin raƙuman ruwa da tsayi mai tsayi a tsayi da gajere haskoki. Ta hanyar daidaita lankwasa na ruwan tabarau, tsayin tsayin shudi da ja haske na iya zama daidai daidai, wanda ke kawar da ɓarna na chromatic.
Bakan na biyu
Amma chromatic aberration ba za a iya kawar da gaba daya. Bayan amfani da ruwan tabarau mai hade, ragowar chromatic aberration ana kiransa "secondary spectrum". Tsawon tsayin mai da hankali na ruwan tabarau, da ƙarin raguwar chromatic aberration. Don haka, don binciken sararin samaniya wanda ke buƙatar ma'auni mai tsayi, ba za a iya watsi da bakan na biyu ba.
A ka'idar, idan za a iya raba band ɗin haske zuwa tazara mai shuɗi-kore da kore-ja, kuma ana amfani da dabarun achromatic zuwa waɗannan tazarar biyu, za a iya kawar da bakan na biyu da gaske. Duk da haka, an tabbatar da lissafi cewa idan achromatic ga koren haske da ja haske, da chromatic aberration na blue haske zama babba; idan achromatic don blue haske da kore haske, da chromatic aberration na ja haske zama babba. Da alama wannan matsala ce mai wahala kuma ba ta da amsa, ba za a iya kawar da bakan na sakandare gaba ɗaya ba.
Apochromatic（APO）fasaha
An yi sa'a, ƙididdiga na ka'idar sun sami hanya don APO, wanda shine nemo kayan ruwan tabarau na musamman wanda danginsa na tarwatsewar haske mai launin shuɗi zuwa hasken ja yana da ƙasa sosai kuma na shuɗi zuwa hasken kore yana da girma sosai.
Fluorite irin wannan abu ne na musamman, watsawar sa yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma wani ɓangare na rarrabawar dangi yana kusa da gilashin gani da yawa. Fluorite yana da ingantacciyar ma'anar refractive, yana da ɗan narkewa cikin ruwa, kuma yana da ƙarancin tsari-ikon aiki da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, amma saboda kyawawan halayen achromatic, ya zama kayan gani mai daraja.
Akwai ƴan ƙalilan tsaftataccen ma'aunin fluorite waɗanda za'a iya amfani da su don kayan gani a yanayi, haɗe tare da tsadar su da wahalar sarrafawa, ruwan tabarau na fluorite sun zama daidai da manyan ruwan tabarau. Masu kera ruwan tabarau iri-iri ba su yi wani yunƙuri ba don nemo maye gurbin fluorite. Gilashin fluorine-crown yana ɗaya daga cikinsu, kuma gilashin AD, gilashin ED da gilashin UD sune irin wannan maye gurbin.
Kyamarorin ruwan sama suna amfani da gilashin ED mai ƙarancin tarwatsewa azaman ruwan tabarau na kamara don yin ɓarna da ɓarna ya zama ƙanƙanta. Ba wai kawai rage yiwuwar ƙaddamarwa ba, amma har ma an inganta tasirin samfurin 3D sosai, wanda ya inganta tasirin gine-gine da facade.
2. Karya
2.1 Menene murdiya
Karɓar ruwan tabarau a haƙiƙa kalma ce ta gaba ɗaya don karkatar da hangen nesa, wato, murdiya ta hanyar hangen nesa. Irin wannan hargitsin zai yi mummunar tasiri akan daidaiton hoto. Bayan haka, manufar daukar hoto shine sake haifuwa, ba ƙari ba, don haka ana buƙatar hotuna su nuna ainihin bayanan sikelin ƙasa gwargwadon iko.
Amma saboda wannan shi ne ainihin sifa na ruwan tabarau (convex ruwan tabarau converges haske da concave ruwan tabarau diverges haske), da dangantaka da aka bayyana a cikin Tantancewar zane shi ne: da tangent yanayin don kawar da murdiya da sine yanayin kawar da suma na diaphragm ba za a iya gamsu a. lokaci guda, don haka hargitsi da kuma na gani chromatic aberration Ba za a iya kawar da guda daya ba, kawai inganta.
A cikin hoton da ke sama, akwai dangantaka mai ma'ana tsakanin tsayin hoton da tsayin abu, kuma rabo tsakanin su biyu shine haɓakawa.
A cikin tsarin hoto mai kyau, nisa tsakanin jirgin abu da ruwan tabarau yana daidaitawa, kuma haɓakawa yana da ƙima, don haka akwai dangantaka tsakanin hoton da abu kawai, babu murdiya ko kadan.
Duk da haka, a cikin ainihin tsarin tsarin hoto, tun da aberration na babban ray ya bambanta tare da karuwar kusurwar filin, girman girman ba ya wanzu a kan hoton hoton nau'i-nau'i na abubuwa masu haɗaka, wato, girma a cikin tsakiyar hoton da girman girman gefen ba daidai ba ne, hoton ya rasa kamance da abu. Wannan lahani da ke lalata hoton ana kiransa murdiya.
2.2 Ta yaya murdiya ke shafar daidaito
Na farko, kuskuren AT (Aerial Triangulation) zai shafi kuskuren gajimare mai zurfi, don haka kuskuren dangi na ƙirar 3D. Saboda haka, tushen ma'anar murabba'i (RMS na Kuskuren Reprojection) ɗaya ne daga cikin mahimman alamomi waɗanda da gaske suke nuna daidaiton ƙirar ƙirar ƙarshe. Ta hanyar duba ƙimar RMS, daidaiton ƙirar 3D za a iya yanke hukunci kawai. Ƙananan ƙimar RMS, mafi girman daidaiton ƙirar.
2.3 Menene abubuwan da ke shafar karkatar da ruwan tabarau
tsayin hankali
Gabaɗaya, tsawon tsayin mai da hankali na ruwan tabarau kafaffen mai da hankali, ƙaramin murdiya; da guntu tsawon mai da hankali, mafi girma da murdiya. Kodayake hargitsin ruwan tabarau mai tsayi mai tsayi (lens ɗin tele) ya riga ya ƙanƙanta, a gaskiya ma, don la'akari da tsayin jirgin da sauran sigogi, ba za a iya kasancewa tsawon ruwan tabarau na kyamarar binciken sararin samaniya ba. mai tsayi.Misali, hoton da ke gaba shine ruwan tabarau na wayar Sony 400mm. Kuna iya ganin cewa karkatar da ruwan tabarau kadan ne, kusan ana sarrafa shi a cikin 0.5%. Amma matsalar ita ce, idan kun yi amfani da wannan ruwan tabarau don tattara hotuna a kan wani ƙuduri na 1cm, kuma tsayin jirgin ya riga ya kasance 820m. bar drone don tashi a wannan tsayin gaba daya ba gaskiya bane.
sarrafa ruwan tabarau
Gudanar da ruwan tabarau shine mafi rikitarwa kuma mafi girman daidaitaccen mataki a cikin tsarin samar da ruwan tabarau, wanda ya ƙunshi aƙalla matakai 8. Tsarin da aka rigaya ya haɗa da nitrate abu-ganga nadawa-yashi rataye-niƙa, kuma bayan-tsari yana ɗaukar murfin-shafi-adhesion-ink. Daidaitaccen aiki da yanayin sarrafawa kai tsaye yana ƙayyade daidaito na ƙarshe na ruwan tabarau na gani.
Ƙananan daidaiton aiki yana da mummunar tasiri akan murdiya ta hoto, wanda kai tsaye yana haifar da murdiya marar daidaituwa, wanda ba za a iya daidaita shi ko gyara ba, wanda zai yi tasiri sosai ga daidaiton ƙirar 3D.
Shigar da ruwan tabarau
Hoto 1 yana nuna karkatar da ruwan tabarau yayin aiwatar da shigar da ruwan tabarau;
Hoto na 2 yana nuna cewa ruwan tabarau ba ya da hankali yayin aikin shigar da ruwan tabarau;
Hoto na 3 yana nuna madaidaicin shigarwa.
A cikin shari'o'i uku na sama, hanyoyin shigarwa a cikin shari'o'i biyu na farko duk "kuskure" taron ne, wanda zai lalata tsarin da aka gyara, yana haifar da matsaloli daban-daban kamar blurry, rashin daidaituwa da kuma tarwatsawa. Sabili da haka, har yanzu ana buƙatar ingantaccen kulawa yayin aiki da haɗuwa.
Tsarin haɗin ruwan tabarau
Tsarin hada ruwan tabarau yana nufin aiwatar da tsarin tsarin ruwan tabarau na gabaɗaya da firikwensin hoto. Ma'auni kamar matsayi na babban batu na ƙaddamarwa da kuma karkatar da tangential a cikin ma'auni na daidaitawar kamara suna bayyana matsalolin da kuskuren taro ya haifar.
Gabaɗaya magana, ƙaramin kewayon kurakuran taro za a iya jurewa (ba shakka, mafi girman daidaiton taron, mafi kyau). Matukar ma'aunin daidaitawa daidai ne, za a iya ƙididdige ɓarnar hoton da kyau, sannan za a iya cire murɗar hoton. Har ila yau, girgiza na iya haifar da ruwan tabarau don motsawa kaɗan kuma ya sa ma'aunin karkatar da ruwan tabarau ya canza. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kyamarar binciken iska ta gargajiya tana buƙatar gyarawa da sake daidaitawa bayan wani ɗan lokaci.
2.3 Ruwan tabarau na kamara na ruwan sama
Biyu Gauβ tsari
Hoton da ba a so yana da buƙatu da yawa don ruwan tabarau, don ya zama ƙarami a girman, haske a nauyi, ƙarancin ɓarnawar hoto da ɓarnawar chromatic, haɓakar launi mai girma, kuma babban ƙuduri. Lokacin zayyana tsarin ruwan tabarau, ruwan tabarau na Rainpoo yana amfani da tsarin Gauβ guda biyu, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi:
An raba tsarin zuwa gaban ruwan tabarau, diaphragm, da na baya na ruwan tabarau. Gaba da baya na iya bayyana a matsayin "mai daidaitawa" dangane da diaphragm. Irin wannan tsarin yana ba da damar wasu ɓarna na chromatic da aka haifar a gaba da baya don soke juna, don haka yana da babban fa'ida a cikin daidaitawa da girman ruwan tabarau a ƙarshen mataki.
Madubin aspheric
Don kyamarar da aka haɗa tare da ruwan tabarau biyar, idan kowane ruwan tabarau ya ninka a nauyi, kyamarar za ta auna sau biyar; idan kowane ruwan tabarau ya ninka tsawon tsayi, to, kyamarar da ba ta dace ba za ta ninka girman girman aƙalla. Sabili da haka, lokacin zayyana, don samun babban matakin ingancin hoto yayin tabbatar da cewa ɓarna da ƙarar sun kasance kaɗan kamar yadda zai yiwu, dole ne a yi amfani da ruwan tabarau na aspheric.
Ruwan tabarau na aspherical na iya sake mayar da hankali ga hasken da aka warwatse ta hanyar sararin samaniya zuwa mayar da hankali, ba wai kawai zai iya samun ƙuduri mafi girma ba, yin digiri na haifuwa mai launi mai girma, amma kuma yana iya kammala gyaran gyare-gyare tare da ƙaramin adadin ruwan tabarau, rage yawan ruwan tabarau don yin. kyamarar ta fi sauƙi kuma ƙarami.
Gyaran murdiya fasaha
Kuskuren cikin tsarin taro zai haifar da murdiya tangential ruwan tabarau ya karu. Rage wannan kuskuren taro shine tsarin gyara murdiya. Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna zane-zane na murɗawar ruwan tabarau. Gabaɗaya, ƙaurawar karkatacciyar hanya tana da ma'ana game da ƙananan hagu--kusurwar dama na sama, yana nuna cewa ruwan tabarau yana da kusurwar jujjuyawa daidai da alkibla, wanda ke haifar da kurakuran taro.
Don haka, don tabbatar da ingancin hoto mai girma da inganci, Rainpoo ya yi jerin tsauraran matakai kan ƙira, sarrafawa da haɗuwa:
A farkon mataki na zane, domin tabbatar da coaxial na ruwan tabarau taro, kamar yadda zai yiwu don tabbatar da cewa duk ruwan tabarau shigar jiragen sama ana sarrafa ta daya clamping;
②Yin amfani da kayan aikin jujjuyawar gami da aka shigo da su akan manyan lathes masu ma'ana don tabbatar da cewa daidaiton mashin ɗin ya kai matakin IT6, musamman don tabbatar da cewa haƙurin coaxial shine 0.01mm;
③Kowane ruwan tabarau sanye take da wani sa na high-madaidaici tungsten karfe toshe ma'auni a kan ciki madauwari surface (kowane girman ya ƙunshi a kalla 3 daban-daban ma'auni haƙuri), kowane bangare ne tsananin dubawa, da kuma matsayi tolerances kamar parallelism da perpendicularity ana gano ta wani kayan auna ma'auni guda uku;
④ Bayan an samar da kowane ruwan tabarau, dole ne a duba shi, gami da ƙudurin tsinkaya da gwaje-gwajen ginshiƙi, da alamomi daban-daban kamar ƙuduri da haɓakar launi na ruwan tabarau.
RMS na ruwan tabarau na Rainpoo tec
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